<p><strong>Hypertension</strong>: Lisinopril is indicated for the treatment of&nbsp;hypertension&nbsp;in adult patients and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal&nbsp;cardiovascular&nbsp;events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of&nbsp;antihypertensive&nbsp;drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes.<br />
<br />
Control of&nbsp;high blood pressure&nbsp;should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate,&nbsp;lipid control, diabetes&nbsp;management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program&rsquo;s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).<br />
<br />
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of&nbsp;stroke, but reductions in&nbsp;myocardial infarction&nbsp;and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.<br />
<br />
Elevated&nbsp;systolic&nbsp;or&nbsp;diastolic&nbsp;pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or&nbsp;hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.<br />
<br />
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on&nbsp;angina,&nbsp;heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.<br />
<br />
Lisinopril may be administered alone or with other antihypertensive agents.<br />
<br />
<strong>Heart Failure</strong>: Lisinopril is indicated to reduce signs and symptoms of heart failure in patients who are not responding adequately to&nbsp;diuretics&nbsp;and digitalis.<br />
<br />
<strong>Acute Myocardial Infarction</strong>: Lisinopril is indicated for the reduction of mortality in treatment of hemodynamically stable patients within 24 hours of&nbsp;acute myocardial infarction. Patients should receive, as appropriate, the standard recommended treatments such as thrombolytics, aspirin and beta-blockers</p>