<p>The safety of Ipratropium bromide nasal spray during pregnancy has not been established. The benefits of using this spray during a confirmed or suspected pregnancy must be weighed against possible hazards to the unborn child. Preclinical studies showed no embryotoxic or teratogenic effects following inhalation at doses considerably higher than those recommended in man<br />
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It is not known whether Ipratropium bromide is excreted into human milk. Although lipid-insoluble quaternary cations pass into breast milk, the minimal systemic absorption makes it unlikely that Ipratropium bromide would reach the infant in an amount sufficient to cause a clinical effect. However, because many drugs are excreted into human milk, caution should be exercised when Ipratropium bromide nasal spray is administered to a nursing mother.</p>