<p><strong>Calcium chloride</strong>&nbsp;is used to prevent or treat negative calcium balance. It also regulates action potential excitation threshold to facilitate nerve and muscle performance.<br />
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<strong>Potassium chloride</strong>&nbsp;is a major cation of the intracellular fluid. It plays an active role in the conduction of nerve impulses in the heart, brain and skeletal muscle; contraction of cardiac skeletal and smooth muscles; maintenance of normal renal function, acid-base balance, carbohydrate metabolism and gastric secretion.<br />
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<strong>Sodium chloride</strong>&nbsp;is the major extracellular cation. It is important in electrolyte and fluid balance, osmotic pressure control and water distribution as it restores sodium ions. It is used as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration, treatment of metabolic acidosis, priming solution in haemodialysis and treatment of hyperosmolar diabetes. It is also used as diluents for infusion of compatible drug additives.<br />
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<strong>Sodium lactate</strong>&nbsp;is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution that is used for fluid and electrolyte replenishment. It has metabolic alkalinising ability and is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient.<br />
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<strong>Dextrose</strong>&nbsp;is a monosaccharide that is used as a source of calories and water for hydration. It helps to reduce loss of body protein and nitrogen. It also promotes glycogen deposition in the liver. When used with insulin, it stimulates the uptake of potassium by cells, especially in muscle tissue, thus lowering serum potassium levels.</p>