<p><strong>Pregnancy:</strong>&nbsp;Tamoxifen must not be administered during pregnancy. There have been a small number of reports of spontaneous abortions, birth defects and foetal deaths after women have taken Tamoxifen, although no causal relationship has been established. Reproductive toxicology studies in rats, rabbits and monkeys have shown no teratogenic potential.<br />
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Women should be advised not to become pregnant whilst taking Tamoxifen and should use barrier or other nonhormonal contraceptive methods if sexually active. Premenopausal patients must be carefully examined before treatment to exclude pregnancy. Women should be informed of the potential risks to the foetus, if they want to become pregnant whilst taking Tamoxifen or within two months of cessation of therapy.<br />
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<strong>Lactation:</strong>&nbsp;It is not known if Tamoxifen is excreted in human milk and therefore the drug is not recommended during lactation. The decision to discontinue Tamoxifen should take into account in case of the importance of the drug to the lactating mother.</p>