<p>173-estradiol, which is chemically and biologically identical to endogenous human E2, and the synthetic progestogen, DRSP. 173-estradiol provides hormone replacement during and after the climacteric. The addition of DRSP helps to provide bleeding control and opposes the development of endometrial hyperplasia caused by estrogens.<br />
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Effects of estradiol: The loss of the ovarian function, accompanied by a depletion of estrogen and progesterone production, leads to the menopausal syndrome, characterized by vasomotor and organic symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy is indicated to eliminate these complaints. Of all physiological estrogens, E2 is the most potent one with the highest affinity to the estrogen receptor. Estrogen target organs include, in particular, uterus, hypothalamus, pituitary, vagina, breast, bones (osteoclasts).<br />
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Other effects of estrogens include reduction of insulin and blood glucose concentrations local vasoactive effects mediated by receptors, and receptor-independent effects on vascular smooth muscle. Estrogen receptors have been identified in the heart and coronary arteries. Oral administration of natural estrogens is advantageous in certain cases of hypercholesterolemia in order to maximize beneficial metabolic liver effects on lipids.</p>