<h1>Etanercept</h1>

<p><a href="https://medex.com.bd/attachments/buVsDUkAUWfLc9StZ8LAqj79jofDPj/etanercept-prescribing-information" target="_blank">Innovator&#39;s Monograph</a></p>

<p>Indications</p>

<p><strong><strong>Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)</strong>: Etanercept indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inducing major clinical response, inhibiting the progression of structural damage, and improving physical function in patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Etanercept can be initiated in combination with methotrexate (MTX) or used alone for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults when one or more disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate (unless contraindicated), has proved inadequate.<br />
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<strong>Pediatric patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis(JIA)</strong>: Etanercept indicated for the treatment of polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in children and adolescents from the age of 2 years when the response to one or more DMARDs has proven inadequate.<br />
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<strong>Adults with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)</strong>: Etanercept is indicated for reducing signs and symptoms, inhibiting the progression of structural damage of active arthritis, and improving physical function in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Etanercept can be used in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients who do not respond adequately to MTX alone.<br />
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<strong>Adults with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)</strong>: Etanerceptis indicated for reducing signs and symptoms in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).<br />
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<strong>Adults with Plaque Psoriasis (PsO)</strong>: Etanercept is indicated for the treatment of adult patients (18 years or older) with chronic moderate to severe plaque psoriasis (PsO) who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy.<br />
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<strong>Pediatric patients with Plaque Psoriasis (PsO)</strong>: Etanercept is indicated for the treatment of chronic severe plaque psoriasis in children and adolescents from the age of 6 years, who are inadequately controlled by or are intolerant to systemic therapies or phototherapies.</strong></p>

<p><strong>Pharmacology</strong></p>

<p><strong>Etanercept is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker. This is a dimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular ligand-binding portion of the human 75 kilodalton (p75) tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1. The Fc component of etanercept contains the CH2 domain, the CH3 domain and hinge region, but not the CH1 domain of IgG1. Etanercept is produced by recombinant DNA technology in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mammalian cell expression system. It consists of 934 amino acids and has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 150 kilodaltons. Etanercept is a TNF alpha inhibitor that binds specifically to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and blocks its interaction with cell surface TNF receptors. TNF is a naturally occurring cytokine that is involved in normal inflammatory and immune responses. Elevated levels of TNF are found in the synovial fluid of RA patients. It plays an important role in the inflammatory processes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and the resulting joint pathology.</strong></p>

<p><strong>Dosage</strong></p>

<p><strong><strong>Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis</strong>: Patients aged 18 years or older- 50 mg Etanercept per week administered either once weekly (as one subcutaneous injection using a 50 mg syringe or as two 25 mg injections given at the same time) or 25 mg Etanercept twice weekly (72 to 96 hours apart) as a subcutaneous injection. Methotrexate, glucocorticoids, salicylates, nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or analgesics may be continued during treatment with Etanercept in adults. 25 mg once weekly gives a slower response and may be less effective.<br />
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<strong>Plaque psoriasis</strong>: The dose of etanercept is 50 mg syringe once weekly (as one subcutaneous injection using a 50 mg syringe or as two 25 mg injections given at approximately the same time) or 25 mg twice weekly (72 to 96 hours apart) as a subcutaneous injection. Higher responses may be achieved from initial treatment with a dose of 50 mg twice weekly for up to 12 weeks, followed, if necessary, by a dose of 50 mg once weekly or 25 mg twice weekly.<br />
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Adult patients may be treated intermittent or continuously based on physician judgment and individual patient needs. Treatment should be discontinued in patients who show no response after 12 weeks. With intermittent use, treatment cycles subsequent to the initial cycle should use a dose of 50 mg once weekly. No dose adjustment is required for elderly and or patient with renal and hepatic impairment. Patient weighs less than 62.5kg should be accurately dosed on an mg/kg basis. Patients weighing 62.5 kg or more may be fixed-dose prefilled syringe.<br />
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<strong>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis</strong>: Children (⩾2 to &lt;18 years): 0.4mg/kg (up to maximum of 25 mg per dose) twice weekly (72 to 96 hours apart). Glucocoticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or analgesics may be continued during treatment with etanercept in children. Etanercept has not been studied in children &lt;2 years of age.<br />
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<strong>Pediatric plaque psoriasis</strong>: Children (⩾6 to &lt;18 years): 0.8mg/kg (up to a maximum of 50 mg per dose) once weekly for up to 24 weeks. Treatment should be discontinued in patients who show no response after 12 weeks. If retreatment of etanercept is indicated, the above guidance on treatment duration should be followed. The dose should be 0.8 mg/kg (up to maximum of 50 mg per dose) once weekly.</strong></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Administer etanercept as subcutaneous injections in the thigh, abdomen or upper arm. Given each new injection at least 3 cm from a previous site. Do not use in the area where the skin is tender, bruised, red or hard. The injection should be performed under supervision of qualified healthcare professional. Before injection, single-use prefilled syringe should be allowed to reach room temperature (approximately 15-30 minutes). The needle cover should not be removed while allowing the pre-filled syringe to reach at room temperature. Before disposal of blank PFS, please activate the needle guard to avoid any chance of needle-stick injury.</strong></p>

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